Caritas et veritas 2026, 16(1):76-87 | DOI: 10.32725/cetv.2026.008
Artificial Intelligence in Psychotherapy: experiences of Aftercare Programme Clients
- 1 University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Theology, Department of Social Work and Caritas Studies, Kněžská 8, 370 01 České Budějovice 1, Czech Republic
- 2 University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Theology, Department of Social Work and Caritas Studies, Kněžská 8, 370 01 České Budějovice 1, Czech Republic
- 3 Prevent – Counselling Centre for Non-Substance Addictions, Novohradská 1452/1 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
AI tools are increasingly present in mental health and addiction aftercare, yet little is known about clients’ perspectives in these settings. This qualitative study examines how adults in Czech aftercare programmes experience AI-supported tools across emotional, cognitive, and ethical dimensions. Using reflexive thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke) of transcribed semi-structured interviews with five clients in post-treatment recovery, the analysis identified themes of emotional support, cognitive structuring, and ambivalence regarding trust, rela tional authenticity, and data privacy. The findings suggest that AI can complement psycho social care by supporting self-reflection and between-session preparation, while remaining clearly distinct from the therapeutic alliance. Implications include guidance for hybrid models in social work and addiction services, emphasising digital literacy, informed use, and clinician oversight within ethically governed frameworks.
Klíčová slova: artificial intelligence, psychotherapy, mental health, aftercare, qualitative research, addiction recovery, client experience, ethical aspects
Vloženo: 7. prosinec 2025; Revidováno: 18. březen 2026; Přijato: 19. březen 2026; Zveřejněno: 2. červenec 2026 Zobrazit citaci
Reference
- Alanezi, Fahad. 'Assessing the Effectiveness of ChatGPT in Delivering Mental Health Support: A Qualitative Study'. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 17 (2024): 461-471. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S447368.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Barnett, Anthony, Michael Savic, Kiran Pienaar, Adrian Carter, Narelle Warren, Emma Sandral, Victoria Manning, and Dan I. Lubman. 'Enacting "More-Than-Human" Care: Clients' and Counsellors' Views on the Multiple Affordances of Chatbots in Alcohol and Other Drug Counselling'. International Journal of Drug Policy 94 (2021): 102910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102910.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Braun, Virginia, and Victoria Clarke. 'Toward good practice in thematic analysis: Avoiding common problems and be(com)ing a knowing researcher'. International Journal of Transgender Health 24, no. 1 (2023): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2022.2129597.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Chaudhry, Beenish Moalla, and Happy Rani Debi. 'User Perceptions and Experiences of an AI-Driven Conversational Agent for Mental Health Support'. mHealth 10 (2024): 22. https://doi.org/10.21037/mhealth-23-55.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Červinka, David, Barbora Sulíková, Eva Adamovská, and Lucie Vondráčková. 'Comprehensive System of Post-Accident Care in the Czech Republic - A Qualitative Study'. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003805.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith and Dicastery for Culture and Education. Antiqua et nova: Note on the Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence. Vatican City, 28 January 2025. https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_ddf_doc_20250128_antiqua-et-nova_en.html.
- Fitzpatrick, Kathleen Kara, Alison Darcy, and Molly Vierhile. 'Delivering Cognitive Behaviour Therapy to Young Adults with Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using a Fully Automated Conversational Agent (Woebot): A Randomised Controlled Trial'. JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 2 (2017): e19. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.7785.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Hampton, Jazmin, Reynalde Eugene, Nirzari Kapadia, Emily Caggiano, Amanda Geagea, C. James Watson, and Stephanie Carreiro. 'Digital Detection of Craving and Stress for Individuals in Recovery from Substance Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study'. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports 15 (2025): 100336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100336.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Inkster, Becky, Madhura Kadaba, and Vinod Subramanian. 'Understanding the Impact of an AI-Enabled Conversational Agent Mobile App on Users' Mental Health and Well-being with a Self-Reported Maternal Event: A Mixed-Method Real-World Data mHealth Study'. Frontiers in Global Women's Health 4 (2023): 1084302. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2023.1084302.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Inkster, Becky, Shubhankar Sarda, and Vinod Subramanian. 'An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study'. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 6, no. 11 (2018): e12106. https://doi.org/10.2196/12106.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Kwesi, Jabari, Jiaxun Cao, Riya Manchanda, and Pardis Emami-Naeini. 'Exploring User Security and Privacy Attitudes and Concerns toward the Use of General-Purpose LLM Chatbots for Mental Health'. In Proceedings of the 34th USENIX Security Symposium. Seattle, WA: USENIX Association, 2025.
- Lee, Hyein S., Colton Wright, Julia Ferranto, Jessica Buttimer, Clare E. Palmer, Andrew E. Welchman, Kimberly A. Fisher, David Smelson, Laurel O'Connor, Nisha Fahey, and Apurv Soni. 'Artificial Intelligence Conversational Agents in Mental Health: Patients See Potential, but Prefer Humans in the Loop'. Frontiers in Psychiatry 15 (2024): 1505024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1505024.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Linardon, Jake, John Torous, Joseph Firth, Pim Cuijpers, Mariel Messer, and Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz. 'Current Evidence on the Efficacy of Mental Health Smartphone Apps for Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of 176 Randomised Controlled Trials'. World Psychiatry 23, no. 1 (2024): 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21183.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Liu, Zikun, Wenxue Zou, and Cong Lin. 'Exploring the Influence of Privacy Concerns, AI Literacy, and Perceived Health Stigma on AI Chatbot Use in Healthcare: An Uncertainty Reduction Approach'. Patient Education and Counseling 140 (2025): 109271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2025.109271.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Lutfiani, Ninda, Dhea A. Astrieta, Viedya Wildan, Hasta Sulistyaningrum, Muhammad R. Anwar, and Eka D. Astuti. 'Emotional Well-Being and Psychological Support in Infertility: A Multi-Modal AI Approach'. International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management 5, no. 1 (2025): 81-92. https://doi.org/10.34306/ijcitsm.v5i1.188.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Lutsch, Arne G., Heleen Baumeister, Sonia Paganini, Lena B. Sander, Yaara Terhorst, and Matthias Domhardt. 'Mechanisms of Change in Digital Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depression in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Mediation Analysis of a Multicentre Randomised Clinical Trial'. Behaviour Research and Therapy 168 (2023): 104369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2023.104369.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - McBain, Ryan K., Robert Bozick, Melissa Diliberti, Li Ang Zhang, Fang Zhang, Alyssa Burnett, Aaron Kofner, Benjamin Rader, Joshua Breslau, Bradley D. Stein, Ateev Mehrotra, Lori Uscher Pines, Jonathan Cantor, a Hao Yu. 'Use of Generative AI for Mental Health Advice Among US Adolescents and Young Adults'. JAMA Network Open 8, n. 11 (2025): e2542281. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.42281.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. Národní akční plán pro duševní zdraví 2020-2030: Příloha č. 2 (Analytická část). Prague, 2020.
- Phang, Jason, Michael Lampe, Lama Ahmad, Sandhini Agarwal, Cathy M. Fang, Auren R. Liu, Valdemar Danry, Eunhae Lee, Samantha W. T. Chan, Pat Pataranutaporn, and Pattie Maes. Investigating Affective Use and Emotional Well-Being on ChatGPT. OpenAI & MIT Media Lab Report, 2025.
- Pontifical Academy for Life. Rome Call for AI Ethics. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy for Life, 28 February 2020.
- Pontifical Commission for the Vatican City State. 'The Principles behind the Guidelines on Artificial Intelligence'. Vatican City State, 16 January 2025. https://www.vaticanstate.va/en/news/1372-the-principles-behind-the-guidelines-on-artificial-intelligence.html.
- Siddals, Steven, John Torous, and Astrid Coxon. 'It Happened to Be the Perfect Thing: Experiences of Generative AI Chatbots for Mental Health'. NPJ Mental Health Research 3, no. 1 (2024): 48. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44184-024-00097-4.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Song, Inhwa, Sachin R. Pendse, Neha Kumar, and Munmun De Choudhury. 'The Typing Cure: Experiences with Large Language Model Chatbots for Mental Health Support'. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8 (2024): Article 14362. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.14362.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Varghese, Mahima Anna, Poonam Sharma, and Maitreyee Patwardhan. 'Public Perception on Artificial Intelligence-Driven Mental Health Interventions: Survey Research'. JMIR Formative Research 8 (2024): e64380. https://doi.org/10.2196/64380.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Wang, Yahui, Xuhong Li, Qiaochu Zhang, Dannii Yeung, and Yihan Wu. 'Effect of a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based AI Chatbot on Depression and Loneliness in Chinese University Students: Randomised Controlled Trial with Financial Stress Moderation'. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 13 (2025): e63806. https://doi.org/10.2196/63806.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji... - Zhang, Zhihui, and Jing Wang. 'Can AI Replace Psychotherapists? Exploring the Future of Mental Health Care'. Frontiers in Psychiatry 15 (2024): 1444382. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1444382.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Tento článek je publikován v režimu tzv. otevřeného přístupu k vědeckým informacím (Open Access), který je distribuován pod licencí Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), která umožňuje distribuci, reprodukci a změny, pokud je původní dílo řádně ocitováno. Není povolena distribuce, reprodukce nebo změna, která není v souladu s podmínkami této licence.



